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Remembering John Shippen

Editor’s Note: The following story is republished with permission from the John Shippen Invitational, which aims to create opportunities in golf for Black men and women, ensure Shippen’s story is told and preserve his tremendous legacy. The Shippen, which invites the nation’s top Black amateur and professional golfers, is being played June 27-28 at Detroit Golf Club. The men’s winner will earn a spot in the PGA TOUR’s Rocket Mortgage Classic. Click here to learn more about the John Shippen Invitational. John Matthew Shippen, Jr. (1879-1968) was born on December 5, 1879. His father, born into slavery in Virginia, became a free man following the Civil War. He then moved to Washington, D.C., where he attended Howard University and received a degree in theology. When John Jr. was 9 years old, his family moved to the Shinnecock Indian Reservation in Southampton on Long Island, New York, where his father was assigned as pastor. As a teenager, Shippen worked with crews to help clear the land and build the original Shinnecock Hills Golf Club, which was near the reservation. Willie Dunn, a Scottish golf professional who designed the final holes at Shinnecock Hills, taught some of the young workers how to caddie and play the game, including John Shippen and his friend, Oscar Bunn, a Shinnecock Indian. Shippen had a natural talent for the game and became one of Dunn’s best students. By the age of 16, Shippen was working full-time as Dunn’s assistant, giving lessons to members, working as a caddy, repairing clubs, scorekeeping and assisting the maintenance crew. Shinnecock Hills was selected to host the second U.S. Open in 1896. Club members (said to include the Rothchilds, the Mellons and the Carnegies) were so impressed with Shippen’s talent that they paid his and Bunn’s entry fees for the tournament. The week of the Open, other professional entrants (all foreign-born) sent a petition to USGA officials in which they objected to “colored boys meeting them on equal terms.” They held a meeting in protest on Thursday prior to the Open and threatened to withdraw if Shippen and Bunn were allowed to compete. USGA president Theodore Havemeyer is said to have declared, with conviction: “Gentlemen, you can leave or stay as you please. We are going to play this tournament tomorrow, with them – and with or without you.” All entrants showed up the next morning for play. Shippen was tied for the lead after shooting 78 in the first round. In the second round, his tee shot on the par-4 13th hole landed in a sandy road, which led to an 11 on the hole. He finished the second round with an 81 for an overall score of 159 for the 36-hole tournament. The seven strokes he lost on the 13th hole was the difference between his final score and the winning 152 by James Foulis of Scotland. In Pete McDaniel’s Uneven Lies: The Heroic Story on African-Americans in Golf, Shippen is quoted as describing the 13th Hole as: “a little, easy par-4. I’d played it many times and I knew I had to stay on the right side of the fairway with my drive. Well, I played it too far to the right and the ball landed in a sand trap road. Bad trouble in those days before sand wedges. I kept hitting the ball along the road, unable to lift it out of the sand and wound up with an unbelievable 11 for the hole. You know, I’ve wished a hundred times I could have played that little par-4 again.” Shippen finished the tournament in 5th place and Bunn finished 21st. Shippen was awarded $10 in prize money, which officially secured his place in history as the first U.S.-born golf professional and the first Black golf professional. At the time, a leading sporting magazine was said to claim that Shippen should be “given every opportunity to show what he can do.” Although historical records differ, Shippen is known to have played in several U.S. Opens, including 1896 (T5), 1899 (T25), 1900 (T27), 1902 (T5) and 1913 (T41). No other Black golfer would play in the U.S. Open again until Ted Rhodes in 1948. Shippen’s family returned to D.C., but he decided to remain in Shinnecock on his own. He was hired as the golf professional at the Maidstone Club in East Hampton, New York. He went on to work as the golf pro at several clubs including Aronimink Golf Club near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, but he is best known for his tenure as the head pro at the Shady Rest Golf Course (now known as Scotch Hills Country Club) in Scotch Plains, New Jersey. Shady Rest was the first Black golf club in the United States – which was established to provide recreation and entertainment for all ages. Activities included golf, tennis, horseback riding, skeet shooting concerts, dining, etc. Shippen worked at the Shady Rest from 1924 until his retirement in 1960 during an era when Black luminaries, scholars, social reformers and entertainers such as W.E.B. DeBois, Count Basie, Ella Fitzgerald, Duke Ellington, Billie Holliday and Cab Calloway came to perform and enjoy themselves, and where Althea Gibson honed her tennis skills. In 2009, the PGA of America posthumously bestowed John Shippen with his PGA membership card. He is now recognized by the USGA as America’s first golf professional. In 2018, he was inducted into the New Jersey Golf Association Hall of Fame’s Inaugural Class. History has largely omitted John Shippen’s story, which has left several outlets to begin filling in the blanks that have been left undocumented. Even his ancestry has been confused over the years, with some claiming he was a descendant of the Shinnecock tribe. In John H. Kennedy’s book, A Course of Their Own: A History of African-American Golfers, Shippen’s daughter, Clara Johnson, reiterated that both of her father’s parents were Black, saying: “My father was a Negro. Every time I meet somebody, I have to correct that story.” John Shippen’s participation and prowess paved the way for all American golfers today who stand on his shoulders. The John Shippen Invitational aims to create opportunities in golf for Black men and women, ensure his story is told and preserve his tremendous legacy, which is one of Black History, but also of American History.

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Hideki Matsuyama leads the way for Japan’s promising young playersHideki Matsuyama leads the way for Japan’s promising young players

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I went to Florida in 2011 and visited 10 academies known for their world-class coaches and, for the first time, I was introduced to a structure that united individual performance experts into a singular system in order to help develop a more holistic team.” Uchida wondered if this method could apply in Japan. “In 2014, when the world championship took place in Japan, I saw firsthand teams that employed that kind of system perform very well and realized if we didn’t change what we were doing, we would never be able to do better than fourth.” The Japanese already had a firm understanding of sports science and nutrition, so it’s an easy assumption that the golf team’s coach would come from the golf-crazed land of Japan. That was not the case, however. Instead, an Australian, Gareth Jones, was called upon to help the Japanese national golf team. “I guess they’d seen me around through the Asia Pacific quite a bit and we connected,” Jones said. “I guess my personality, or what they thought was my personality, was going to suit what they wanted to do. And my background coming from elite development was then, I guess, the match.” Jun Nagashima, assistant manager of high-performance development at JGA said Jones offers a perfect blend of Eastern and Western methods. “Gareth has successfully combined his own essence of coaching golf with Japanese sports science, while also taking Australia’s Western culture and open-minded atmosphere and integrating that into Japan’s Eastern senpai culture and humility, and then individualizing those philosophies down to each individual player,” Nagashima said. “Today’s program transcends nationalities and is borderless between Japan and other countries.” Jones adds: “We had sports sciences involved, we had strength and conditioning. We had psychology. When I came in, I really wanted to try and bring even more sports science involvement into the program, but have it that sports science was involved in performance as well.” Jones also changed how the Japanese team prepared for events, shifting the focus from the practice area to on-course strategy and performance. Access to golf courses is one of the major obstacles that golfers, especially juniors, face in Japan is. Most people spend an exorbitant amount of time at a driving range because that’s the only practice area they can get to. “(Keita) had won the Australian Amateur Championship. He’s won the Asia Pacific last year. It was only in the last couple of years he actually got membership to a golf club, which to me is incredible. The level of the play of these players is phenomenal and they don’t have access to golf courses like the juniors do (in Australia),” Jones said. As of 2021, there are 2,151 golf courses in Japan and approximately 4,000 indoor/outdoor practice facilities. Jones’ philosophy is to practice more efficiently. Less is more, where in general Japanese athletes will do the opposite. “When you practice for long, long periods of time, generally the intensity goes down. So we’ve tried to employ a method of what’s called deep practice and that’s coming from the research, from guys like Daniel Coyle, an author that’s published around this subject. It’s raising intensity and is not specific to golf,” Jones said. “We really focus on the scoring zones. These are high performing players; we have to get a result. We tend to focus 65% short game, 35% long game. That’s our mantra. And we’ve probably flipped what they used to do. It was probably 80% long game, 20% short game.” Another thing that does not work in Japan’s favor is its ‘bukatsu’ mentality. Youth sports are not necessarily seasonal like you will often find in the United States, where kids jump from soccer to baseball, then football to basketball, depending on the time of year. Kids in Japan will join a ‘bukatsu’ program and focus on a single interest, which could be anything from music, sport, art and science, but from a very early age a child will often specialize in one thing. “They’re missing out on other activities that help balance their bodies properly. Let alone playing team sports, which might give them a little bit more humility as well,” Jones said. “So, we really try to push that kids have multiple activities in their life. We’re trying to push a long term athlete development program or focus. When you play a sport like golf, you’re going in one direction all the way. So, we end up with muscle imbalances. Their muscles are not developing necessarily in the right way. So, we have more injuries.” Apart from practice methodology and specializations, language for obvious reasons was also another major obstacle that Jones and the team needed to overcome. Due to COVID, Jones has not been to Japan in more than two years, and he and his team have had to pivot and adjust how they communicate with each other. Jones and Nakajima have weekly virtual lessons where Nakajima is hooked up to monitors with video and Trackman data being shared back to Jones, who joins remotely from his home in Adelaide, Australia. “It’s a means to an end,” he continues. “It’s something we have to do. It’s better than doing nothing. We’ve learned some things over the last few years that we’ll continue to do as well.” The sentiment holds true to what has naturally become the team’s motto, “JKG.” Just Keep Going. “It’s not about shooting course records every day,” Jones said. “We’re gonna have bad days, and good days. But if we can learn something, just get that little bit better, just learn something every day.” Regardless of what era any player on the national team was a part of, they feel it’s their responsibility when they become the senpai player to influence the younger players. It’s like passing the baton in a relay race, and now it’s Nakajima running anchor in his final race. “What they’ve learned, they can then pass that onto future generations, and Hideki has been a massive influence over all of these players,” Jones said. “It’s a cultural thing, but it’s also a responsibility, and that’s the great thing, the players take that responsibility seriously.” They recognize the responsibility that comes with being a senpai.

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